The impact of COVID-19 on immunization programmes - publications

M. Carolina Danovaro

This page contains a list of publications about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on national immunization programmes and the measures that have been taken to control it. It is divided into the following sections:

Publications that include data

These publications present quantitative data illustrating how immunization programmes or vaccination campaigns have been affected by COVID-19.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Magnitude and causes of routine immunization disruptions during COVID-19 pandemic in developing countriesDeepika Agarwal , Gajendra Gupta, Lokesh Sharma, Manish Dwiwedi, Mohit Sharma, Ranjit Dhiman, Snehil Singh2021Journal articleEnglish
The performance of routine immunization in selected African countries during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemicAbubacar N’Diaye, Alain Poy, Balcha Girma Masresha, Bernard Ntsama, Jethro Chakauya, Messeret Eshetu Shibeshi, Richard Luce, Richard Mihigo2020Journal articleEnglish
A model for the incremental burden of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b due to a decline of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 outbreak: A dynamic transmission model in JapanHirosato Aoki, Taito Kitano2021Journal articleEnglish
Achieving the IA2030 Coverage and Equity Goals through a Renewed Focus on Urban ImmunizationAnanya Iyengar, Arindam Ray, Daniel Ali, Ibrahim Dadari, Iqbal Hossain, Niklas Danielsson, Rachel V. Belt, Samir V. Sodha2023Journal articleEnglish
Addressing disruptions in childhood routine immunisation services during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives and lessons learned from Liberia, Nepal, and Senegal Bonheur Dounebaine, Adolphus T. Clarke, Aliou Diallo, Anna Ellis, Daouda M. Gueye, David E. Phillips, Gloria Ikilezi, Jhalak S. Guatam, Kyle Muther, Kyra Hester, Matthew C. Freeman, Moussa Sarr, Nancy Fullman, Nathaniel Gerthe, Rajesh Man Rajbhandari, Robert A. Bednarczyk, Sameer M. Dixit, Souleymane Mboup, T. Ruston Yarnko2021Journal articleEnglish
Addressing disruptions in childhood routine immunisation services during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from Nepal, Senegal and Liberia Bonheur Dounebaine, Adolphus T. Clarke, Aliou Diallo, Anna S. Ellis, Birahim P. Ndiaye, Daouda M. Gueye, David E. Phillips, Fatoumata Diakhite, Gloria Ikilezi, Jhalak S. Gautam, Kyle Muther, Kyra A. Hester, Moussa Sarr, Nancy Fullman, Nathaniel Gerthe, Rajesh Man Rajbhandari, Robert A. Bednarczyk, Rokhaya S. Mbengue, Sameer M. Dixit, Shankar B. Duwadi, Souleymane Mboup, T. Ruston Yarnko2021Journal articleEnglish
Alteration in vaccination rates and an evaluation of physicians' perceptions of the possible impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on childhood vaccinations in Ankara, TurkeyAteş Kara, Çiğdem Şimşek, Elif Ayla Arabulan, Hasan Tezer, Nilüfer Tavukçu, Osman Topaç, Sare İlbay2021Journal articleEnglish
An evaluation of the early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Zambia’s routine immunization programAmy K. Winter, Andrea Carcelén, David Ngula, Francis Mwansa, Kyla Hayford, Nyambe Sinyange, Saki Takahashi, Simon Mutembo, Wilbroad Mutale, William J. Moss2022Journal articleEnglish
At least 80 million children under one at risk of diseases such as diphtheria, measles and polio as COVID-19 disrupts routine vaccination efforts, warn Gavi, WHO and UNICEFWorld Health Organization (WHO)2020GuidanceEnglish
Availability of Maternal, Newborn care and Child Health Services at Primary Health Care Unit during COVID-19 Outbreak in Ethiopia.Berhanu Fikadie Endehabtu, Dessie Abebaw Angaw, Tajebew Zayede Gonete, Meskerem Jisso, Netsanet Abera, Akalewold Alemayehu, Rekiku Fikre, Biru Abdissa, Abdurezak Umer, Mesfin Kebede, Hussen Mohammed, Bekele Yazie, Kassahun Dessie, Alemu Tamiso, Habtamu Sime, Elias Ali Yesuf, Kassu Ketema Gurmu, Binyam Tilahun2023Journal articleEnglish
Cancelled routine vaccination appointments due to COVID-19 pandemic in GermanyAnette Siedler, Cornelia Betsch, Dorothea Matysiak-Klose, Heidrun M. Thaiss, Lisa Felgendreff, Lothar Wieler, Nora KatharinaSchmid-Küpke2021Journal articleEnglish
Challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the health of women, children, and adolescents in Latin America and the CaribbeanUNDP, UNICEF2020Case studyEnglish
Changes and remaining challenges for the Japanese immunization program: Closing the vaccine gapAkihiko Saitoh, Nobuhiko Okabe2021Journal articleEnglish
Changes in childhood vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in JapanAkihiko Saitoh, Hiroshi Sakiyama, Hiroyuki Moriuchi, Keiko Tanaka-Taya, Tomohiro Katsuta, Yuta Aizawa2021Journal articleEnglish
Child Healthcare and Immunizations in Sub-Saharan Africa During the COVID-19 PandemicBianca Cinicola, Danilo Buonsenso, Francesco Iodice, Memenatu Ngaima Kallon2020Journal articleEnglish
Childhood Immunisation Coverage during the COVID-19 Epidemic in ItalyAndrea Siddu, Andrea Silenzi, Anna Odone, Carlo Signorelli, Francesco Paolo Maraglino, Giovanni Rezza, Michela Sabbatucci2022Journal articleEnglish
Childhood immunization during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences in Haiti, Lesotho, Liberia and MalawiBethany Hedt-Gauthier, Donald Luke Fejfar, Emilia Connolly, Emma J Boley, Isabel R Fulcher, Jean-Claude Mugunga, Melino Ndayizigiye, Michael R Law, Moses B Aron, Prince F Varney, Wesler Lambert2022Journal articleEnglish
Childhood vaccinations: Hidden impact of COVID-19 on children in SingaporeBee Wah Lee, Belinda Murugasu, Hannah Eleanor Clapham, Hui-Lin China, Jancy Mathews, Jingji Wang, Mabel Ong, Ramkumar Aishworiya, Wen Chin Chiang, Ying Xian Chua, Youjia Zhong2021Journal articleEnglish
Continuity of routine immunization programs in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemicAli Assi, Arnaud Gagneur, Ève Dubé, Hannah Sella, Joan Robinson, Manish Sadarangani, Matthew Tunis, S. Michelle Driedger, Samantha B. Meyer, Shannon E. MacDonald2021Journal articleEnglish
Cost of vaccine delivery strategies in low- and middle-income countries during the COVID-19 pandemicAllison Portnoy, Christina Banks, Flavia Moi, Laura Boonstoppel , Logan Brenzel, Stephen C. Resch2021Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 Aftershocks: Secondary impacts threaten more children's lives than disease itselfWorld Vision2020ReportEnglish
Covid-19 and its impact on immunization programs: reflections from BrazilCamila Carvalho de Souza Amorim Matos, Carolina Luísa Alves Barbieri, Marcia Thereza Couto2020Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 and missed routine immunizations: designing for effective catch-up in CanadaÈve Dubé, Jeannette L. Comeau, Lucie M. Bucci, Noni E. MacDonald2020Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 related immunization disruptions in Rajasthan, India: A retrospective observational studyAmbika Chopra , Camille Falézan, Mustufa Patel, Pascaline Dupas, Radhika Jain2021Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19-related disruptions to routine vaccination services in India: perspectives from pediatriciansAndrea DeLuca, Anita Shet, Bakul Parekh, Baldeep Dhaliwal, Carl Britto, Digant Shastri, G. V. Basavaraj, Kelly Carr, Piyush Gupta, Preetika Banerjee, Rajeev SethJournal articleEnglish
COVID-19: Impact on routine childhood vaccination uptake in Australia A report by the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance using data from the Australian Immunisation RegisterNational Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance2020ReportEnglish
Decline in child vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic - Michigan Care Improvement Registry, May 2016-May 2020Angela K. Shen, Cristi A. Bramer, Jeremy Kuo, Lisa A. Jacques-Carroll, Lynsey M. Kimmins, Patricia Vranesich, Robert Swanson2020Journal articleEnglish
Decline in Receipt of Vaccines by Medicare Beneficiaries During the COVID-19 PandemicAnna M. Acosta, Fangjun Zhou, Kai Hong, Kathleen L. Dooling, Megan C. Lindley, Miwako Kobayashi, Tara C. Jatlaoui, Yuping Tsai2020Journal articleEnglish
Delays in routine childhood vaccinations and their relationship with parental vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional study in Wuxi, ChinaBing Lu, Hui Jin, Jinxin Huang, Leesa Lin, Liuqing Yang, Minqi Liu, Naiyang Shi, Qiang Wang, Shixin Xiu, Tingting Cui, Xuwen Wang, Ying Han2022Journal articleEnglish
Disruption of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in IndonesiaAbram L. Wagner, Amanda Yufika, Bakhtiar Bakhtiar, Elly Wardani, Harapan Harapan, Kaitlyn B. Akel, Marhami Fahriani, Samsul Anwar, Wira Winardi2021Journal articleEnglish
Early impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and physical distancing measures on routine childhood vaccinations in England, January to April 2020Charlotte Knowles, Chris Bates, Elise Tessier, Helen I McDonald, J Anthony Scott, Jemma L Walker, Joanne M White, Joanne Yarwood, John Parry, Liam Smeeth, Mary Ramsay, Matthew Woodruff, Michael Edelstein2020Journal articleEnglish
Effect of COVID-19 on routine immunization schedule in Senegalese hospitalsAbou Ba, Amadou Lamine Fall, Amadou Sow, Djibril Boiro, Idrissa Demba Ba , Modou Gueye, Ousmane Ndiaye, Papa Moctar Faye2020Journal articleEnglish
Effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on routine pediatric immunization coverage rates at the main University Hospital in Saudi ArabiaAbdulkarim A. Alrabiaah, Ahmed H. Alshaer, Ali M. Somily, Elham E. Bukhari, Fahad A. Alzamil, Fahad M. Alsohime, Hadeel A. Aljammaz, Kathrine Ann S. Inclan, Khalid M. Almoosa, Mohamad-Hani A. Temsah, Nawaf F. Alshuraym, Sara S. Alsubaie, Stephanie Mae C. Estrella2020Journal articleEnglish
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on childhood immunization in Morocco: electronic survey of 103 pediatriciansNabila Chekhlabi, Nouzha Dini, Raja Arrab, Said Ettair2021Journal articleEnglish
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Pediatric Vaccine Ordering and Administration — United States, 2020Ben Herring, Cameron Noblit, Elyse O. Kharbanda, Eric Weintraub, Jeanne M. Santoli, Jeanne Tropper, Julianne Gee, Lisa Galloway, Malini B. DeSilva, Matthew F. Daley, Megan C. Lindley, Mick Glover, Paul Lucas, Tara Vogt, Yoonjae Kang2020Journal articleEnglish
Estimating National and Area-Specific COVID-19 Effects on Health Service Use in the Democratic Republic of the CongoDavid Hotchkiss, Gustavo Angeles, Hannah Silverstein, Janna Wisniewski, Matthew Worges2021Journal articleEnglish
Estimating the additional cost for maintaining facility-based Routine Immunization programs in the context of COVID-19Harvard EPIC2020ReportEnglish
Estimating the effect of COVID-19 on total utilization of health services in BangladeshUSAID2021Journal articleEnglish
Estimating the effect of COVID-19 on utilization of health services in the DRC and BangladeshData for Impact2021Journal articleEnglish
Estimating the Effects of COVID-19 on Health Service Utilization in Uganda Jamiru Mpiima, Elizabeth Simmons, Gustavo Angeles, Hannah Silverstein, Kavita Singh2021Journal articleEnglish
Estimating the Effects of COVID-19 on Immunization Services Use in BangladeshData for Impact, USAID2021Journal articleEnglish
Faktor yang Memengaruhi Penurunan Cakupan Imunisasi pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 di JakartaBernie Endyarni Medise, Sreshta Mukhi2021Journal articleIndonesian
Half of parents surveyed either cancelled or delayed their child’s scheduled meningitis vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic – GSK survey showsGlaxoSmithKline (GSK) 2021ReportEnglish
How COVID-19 Has Impacted U.S. Adolescent and Adult Vaccine UtilizationAlex Trost, Joanna Young, Loren Becker, Shruthi Donthi2021ReportEnglish
Immunisation coverage and factors associated with incomplete immunisation in children under two during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sierra LeoneMyrte Wassenaar, Augustin E. Fombah, Haily Chen, Kwabena Owusu-Kyei, Julian Williams, Joe-Henry C. Sunders, Mireia Llach, Llorenç Quinto, Tom Sesay, Mohamed Samai, Clara Menéndez, Raquel GonzálezJournal articleEnglish
Immunization campaigns during the COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid analysis of the additional operational costChristina Banks, Laura Boonstoppel 2020ReportEnglish
Immunization coverage Are we losing ground?UNICEF2020RepositoryEnglish
Immunization Status and Challenges During COVID-19 and Associated Factors Among Children Aged 10–23 Months in South Region, Ethiopia 2020Alemnew Wale Tegegne, Aychew Kassie Gidafie, Desalegn Girma Mamo Ser, Semahegn Tilahun Wassie, Zinie Abita Mengie2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact de la pandémie COVID-19 sur la vaccination des enfants au Maroc: enquête électronique auprès de 103 pédiatresNabila Chekhlabi, Nouzha Dini, Raja Arrab, Said Ettair2021Journal articleFrench
Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on routine immunisation in Karachi, PakistanAamir Javed Khan, Danya Arif Siddiqi, Hamidreza Setayesh, Subhash Chandir2020Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 on childhood vaccination counts to week 4 in 2021, and vaccine coverage to December 2020 in England: interim analysesPublic Health England2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 on health services utilization in Province-2 of Nepal: a qualitative study among community members and stakeholdersBipin Adhikari, Dev Ram Sunuwar, Devendra Raj Singh, Kshitij Karki, Lalita Kumari Sah, Rajeeb Kumar Sah, Sunil Kumar Shah2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 on immunization of Brazilian infantsJoão Guilherme Alves, José Natal Figueiroa, Marcelo Luis Urquia2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 on polio vaccination in Pakistan: a concise overviewAbdul Waris, Misbahud Din, Mohammad Ali, Mudassir Khan, Muhammad Ali, Muhammad Kashif, Sana Ullah, Sidra Rahman2020Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 on routine immunisation in South-East Asia and Western Pacific: Disruptions and solutions Ayman Chit, Chan Poh Chong, Kiruthika Velan Kandasamy, Anna Ong-Lim, Antoine Ardillon, Changshu Huang, Clotilde El Guerche-Séblain, Gopinath Nageshwaran Show less, Juan C. Vargas-Zambrano, Kuharaj Mahenthiran, Maria Carmen Nievera, Pierre Côte, Rebecca C. Harris, Somasundaram Aiyamperumal, Ta-Wen Yu, Yutao Chen2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 on Routine Immunization, Liberia Case StudyAdolphus T. Clarke2020Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of routine immunization services in LebanonAbdul Rahman Bizri, Alissar Rady, Bernard Gerbaka, Jinan Arab, Racha Said, Randa Hamadeh, Ziad Mansour2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage among children aged 15 to 23 months at Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia, 2020Sisay Gedamu Addis, Zinet Abegaz Asfaw2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19 pandemic response on uptake of routine immunizations in Sindh, Pakistan: An analysis of provincial electronic immunization registry dataAmna Mirza, Danya Arif Siddiqi, et al., Hamidreza Setayesh, Mariam Mehmood, Muhammad Siddique, Riswana Soundardjee, Subhash Chandir, Vijay Kumar Dharma2020Journal articleEnglish
Impact of COVID-19-related disruptions to measles, meningococcal A, and yellow fever vaccination in 10 countriesAndromachi Karachaliou, Caroline Trotter, John Huber, Kaja Abbas, Katy A. M. Gaythorpe, Kevin McCarthy, Kim Woodruff, Mark Jit, Matthew Ferrari, Michael L Jackson, Niket Thakkar, Susy Echeverria-Londono, T Alex Perkins, VIMC Working Group on COVID-19 Impact on Vaccine Preventable Disease, Xiang LiJournal articleEnglish
Impact of reduced human papillomavirus vaccination coverage rates due to COVID-19 in the United States: A model based analysisCraig Roberts, Kunal Saxena, Linda Niccolai, Lixia Yao, Shelby Corman, Smita Kothari, Vincent Daniels2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HPV Vaccinations in Switzerland and Greece: Road to RecoveryIlias Gountas, Andrea Favre-Bulle, Kunal Saxena, Jessica Wilcock, Hannah Collings, Stina Salomonsson, Anastasios Skroumpelos, Ugne Sabale2023Journal articleEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in BrazilAna Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Ana Paula Sayuri Sato, Ed Wilson Rodrigues Vieira, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos, Mark Anthony Beinner, Mery Natali Silva Abreu, Tércia Moreira Ribeiro Da Silva2022Journal articleEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immunization and surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases in the WHO South-East Asia RegionJayantha Liyanage, Mohammad Sharifuzzaman, Sudhir Khanal, Sunil Bahl2021GuidanceEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Routine Childhood Immunization in Saudi ArabiaAqeel Alaqeel, Mohammed Alsuhaibani2020Journal articleEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccine landscape: A global perspectiveAnand Anbarasu, Paul Livingstone, Sudha Ramaiah, Reetika Debroy, Gayathri Ashok, Soumya Basu2023Journal articleEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of routine childhood immunizations in Ontario, CanadaCatherine Ji, Daniel S. Farrar, Ian Kitai, Jeremy N. Friedman, Mark Feldman, Michelle Science, Pierre-Philippe Piché-Renaud, Sharon Burey, Shaun K. Morris2021Journal articleEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the vaccination of children 12 months of age and under: an ecological studyAnita Faccini Lied, Fabiano Rossini Junior, Guilherme Silveira Procianoy, Luís Fernando Pagliaro Probst Jung, Maria Cláudia Schardosim Cotta de SouzaJournal articleEnglish
Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the administration of vaccines as per the national immunization schedule in children younger than 2 yearsCarmen Cabello, Eliana S Nocent, Fernando Torres, Lucía Risoli, M Eugenia Aruanno, M Julia Macherett, Magdalena Sasso, María N Seoane, Paula Domínguez2021Journal articleSpanish
Inequalities in infant vaccination coverage during the COVID-19 pandemic: A population-based study in PeruAli Al-Kassab-Córdova, Carolina Mendez-Guerra, Claudia Silva-Perez, Iván Arroyave, Lucero Sangster-Carrasco2023Journal articleEnglish
Latin American forum on immunization services during the COVID-19 pandemicAngela Gentile, José Brea, Lourdes Mendoza, Luiza H. Falleiros-Arlant, Maria C. Pirez, Maria L. Avila-Aguero, Sebastian Ospina-Henao, Soraya Araya2021Journal articleEnglish
Maintaining Polio-Free Status in Indonesia During the COVID-19 PandemicAsik Surya, Hariadi Wibisono, Luthfi Azizatunnisa, Riris Andono Ahmad, Utsamani Cintyamena, Vinod Bura, Yodi Mahendradhata2022Journal articleEnglish
Missed childhood immunizations during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: Analyses of routine statistics and of a national household surveyAluisio J D Barros, Ana Goretti K Maranhão, Ana Maria B Menezes, Antonia M S Teixeira, Bernardo L Horta , Cesar G Victora, Cristian T Tonial, Fernando P Hartwig, Mariangela F Silveira, Pedro C Hallal2021Journal articleEnglish
Missed routine pediatric care and vaccinations in US children during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemicChloe A Teasdale, Denis Nash, Luisa N Borrell, Madhura Rane, Michael L Rinke, Rebecca Zimba, Sarah Kulkarni, Sasha A Fleary, Spencer Kimball, Yanhan ShenJournal articleEnglish
Missing vaccinations during COVID-19 puts our children & communities at riskBlueCross BlueShield - The health of America2020RepositoryEnglish
National Swedish survey showed that child health services and routine immunisation programmes were resilient during the early COVID-19 pandemicAsli Kulane, Bernice Aronsson, Kathy Falkenstein Hagander, Lina Schollin Ask, Madelene Danielsson, Tiia Lepp2021Journal articleEnglish
Negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood immunization: experience from PakistanAamer Ikram, Massab Umair, Muhammad Salman, Muhammad Suleman Rana, Muhammad Usman2021Journal articleEnglish
Niger reports new polio outbreakWorld Health Organization (WHO)2020ReportEnglish
Number of Childhood and Adolescent Vaccinations Administered Before and After the COVID-19 Outbreak in ColoradoHeather Roth, Lynnsay Trefren, Sean T. O’Leary2020ReportEnglish
Paediatric activities and adherence to vaccinations during the COVID-19 epidemic period in Tuscany, Italy: a survey of paediatriciansAngela Bechini, Barbara Giammarco, Beatrice Zanella, Giuseppe Garamella, Paolo Bonanni, Sara Boccalini, Valdo Flori2020Journal articleEnglish
Parents' and guardians' views and experiences of accessing routine childhood vaccinations during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic: A mixed methods study in EnglandPauline Paterson, Richard Clarke, Sadie Bell, Sandra Mounier-Jack2020Journal articleEnglish
Pediatric routine vaccinations in the COVID 19 lockdown period: the survey of the Italian Pediatric SocietyAlberto Villani, Elena Bozzola, Giovanni Corsello, Paolo Palma, Rocco Russo2021Journal articleEnglish
Polio in Afghanistan: The Current Situation amid COVID-19Attaullah Ahmadi, Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno, Mohammad Yasir Essar, Xu Lin, Yusuff Adebayo Adebisi2020Journal articleEnglish
Post-disruption catch-up of child immunisation and health-care services in BangladeshGolam Mothabbir, Rashed Shah, Sabbir Ahmed, Shohel Rana2021Journal articleEnglish
Potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on vaccination coverage in children: A case study of measles-containing vaccine administration in the United States (US)Craig S. Roberts, Cristina Carias, James H. Conway, Lyn Finelli, Manjiri Pawaskar, Mawuli Nyaku, Ya-Ting Chen2021Journal articleEnglish
Primary Health Care Facility Preparedness for Outpatient Service Provision During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Cross-Sectional StudyAmod Borle, Ruchir Rustagi, Saurav Basu, Suneela Garg2020Journal articleEnglish
Provision of Pediatric Immunization Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic: an Assessment of Capacity Among Pediatric Immunization Providers Participating in the Vaccines for Children Program — United States, May 2020Bayo Arthur, Brock Lamont, Carla Black, Fan Zhang, Michelle Banks, Paul Lucas, Tara M. Vogt, Yoonjae Kang2020Journal articleEnglish
Pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim report, 27 August 2020World Health Organization (WHO)2020ReportEnglish
Rapid assessment on the utilization of maternal and child health services during COVID-19 in RwandaD Hakizimana, D Wanyana, R WongJournal articleEnglish
Rebound in Routine Childhood Vaccine Administration Following Decline During the COVID-19 Pandemic — New York City, March 1–June 27, 2020Alexandra Ternier, Iris Cheng, Jane R. Zucker, Marisa Langdon-Embry, Mohammed Almashhadani, Vikki Papadouka2020Journal articleEnglish
Recovering from the Unprecedented Backsliding in Immunization Coverage: Learnings from Country Programming in Five Countries through the Past Two Years of COVID-19 Pandemic DisruptionsAnithasree Athiyaman, Faith Mutuku, Fredrick Luwaga, Leslie Berman, Nnang Nadege Edwige, Omotayo Giwa, Sarah Bryer, Shadrack Mngemane, Tosin AjayiJournal articleEnglish
Recovering vaccine coverage lost due to the COVID-19 pandemic L.I. Martínez-Alcorta, A.M. Grande-Tejada, D. Moreno-Pérez, F.A. Moraga-Llop, J.J. Pérez-Martín, M. Fernández-Prada2020Journal articleEnglish
Reducing Childhood Immunization to Scale Up COVID-19 Immunization in Low- and Lower Middle-Income Countries: Impact on Under-Five MortalityJan-Magnus Økland, Kjell Arne Johansson, Øystein Ariansen Haaland, Shokouh Makvandi-Nejad2021Journal articleEnglish
Research and analysis: COVID-19: impact on vaccination programmesVarious2020ReportEnglish
Routine childhood immunisation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa: a benefit–risk analysis of health benefits versus excess risk of SARS-CoV-2 infectionAndrew Clark, Dan Hogan, Emily Dansereau, Kaja Abbas, Kevin van Zandvoort, Mark Jit, Sebastian Funk, Simon R Procter, Stefan Flasche, Tewodaj Mengistu2020GuidanceEnglish
Second round of the national pulse survey on continuity of essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemicWorld Health Organization (WHO)2021ReportEnglish
Short term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of vaccine preventable diseases and participation in routine infant vaccinations in the Netherlands in the period March-September 2020Alies van Lier, Elisabeth A.M. Sanders, Hester E. de Melker, Irene Veldhuijzen, Marit Middeldorp, Mirjam J. Knol, Nicoline van der Maas, Nina M. van Sorge, Wieke FreudenburgJournal articleEnglish
Summary of the Status of National Immunization Programs during the COVID-19 Pandemic, July 2020Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)2020GuidanceEnglish
Sustained Vaccination Coverage during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic in the Republic of KoreaEn Hi Cho, Eun Hwa Choi, Hang jin Jeong, Jae Young Lee, Jeong Hee Yu, Seon Ju Kim, Young June Choe2021Journal articleEnglish
The cost of routine immunization outreach in the context of COVID-19: estimates from Tanzania and IndonesiaThinkwell2020ReportEnglish
The COVID-19 pandemic and disruptions to maternal and child health services in public primary care Malaysia: a retrospective time-series analysisIzzatur Rahmi Mohd Ujang, Normaizira Hamidi, Jabrullah Ab Hamid, Samsiah Awang, Nur Wahida Zulkifli, Roslina Supadi, Nur Ezdiani Mohamed, Rajini Sooryanarayana2023Journal articleEnglish
The impact of COVID-19 and catch-up strategies on routine childhood vaccine coverage trends in Latin America: A systematic literature review and database analysisAdriana Guzmán-Holst, Ingrid Leal, María M. Castrejon, Thatiana de Jesus Pereira Pinto2022Journal articleEnglish
The Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on Childhood Vaccination Uptake: A Rapid ReviewC. Heneghan, J. Brassey, T. Jefferson2021Journal articleEnglish
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Health in Portugal: The Parental PerspectiveBárbara Aguiar, Mariana Poppe, Paulo Oom, Rodrigo Sousa2021Journal articleEnglish
The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Immunization Campaigns and Programs: A Systematic ReviewFaareha Siddiqui, Jai K. Das, Rabia Naseem, Rehana A. Salam, Zohra S. Lassi2021Journal articleEnglish
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine vaccinations in VictoriaAditi Dey, Alexandra J Hendry, Brynley P Hull, Catherine Radkowski, Frank H Beard, Kerin Bryant, Kristine Macartney, Stephen PellissierJournal articleEnglish
The Influence of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Prevention and Vaccination Behaviors Among Chinese Children and Adolescents: Cross-sectional Online Survey StudyDonglan Zhang, Fanxing Du, Hongjie Yu, Leesa Lin, Lu Shi, Suhang Song, Zhiyuan Hou2021Journal articleEnglish
The performance of routine immunization in selected African countries during the first six months of the COVID-19 pandemicAbubacar N’Diaye, Alain Poy, Balcha Girma Masresha, Bernard Ntsama, Jethro Chakauya, Messeret Eshetu Shibeshi, Richard Luce Jr, Richard Mihigo2020Journal articleEnglish
Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born During 2018–2019 — National Immunization Survey–Child, United States, 2019–2021David Yankey, Holly A. Hill, James A. Singleton, Laurie D. Elam-Evans, Michael Chen2023Journal articleEnglish
Vaccination coverage for children and mothersNuffield Trust2021RepositoryEnglish
Vaccination Coverage with Selected Vaccines and Exemption Rates Among Children in Kindergarten — United States, 2019–20 School YearCaitlin Loretan, Carla L. Black, Cynthia L. Knighton, Jenelle L. Mellerson, Jennifer L. Kriss, Kendra Driver, Michael T. McGill, Ranee Seither2021Journal articleEnglish
Vaccine Coverage Across the Life Course in Michigan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: January-September 2020 Walter Orenstein, Angela K. Shen, Cristi A. Bramer, Lynsey M. Kimmins, Patricia Vranesich, Robert Swanson2021Journal articleEnglish
Vaccines and routine immunization strategies during the COVID-19 pandemicEner Cagri Dinleyici, Flor M. Munoz, Marco Aurélio Pallazi Safadi, Pierre van Damme, Ray Borrow2020Journal articleEnglish
Vacunación programática 2020 en Chile en tiempos de pandemia por SARS-CoV-2Cecilia González, Iván Brstilo, Magdalena Bastías2021Journal articleEnglish
Vital Surveillances: Effectiveness of Catch-Up Vaccinations after COVID-19 Containment — China, 2020Jiakai Ye, Jing Wu, Lance Rodewald, Lei Cao, Li Li, Lingsheng Cao, Ning Wen, Wenzhou Yu, Xiaoxue Liu, Yifan Song2020Journal articleEnglish
Willingness of parents to vaccinate their children against influenza and the novel coronavirus disease-2019Ali H. Ziyab, Bedour AlHajri, Deema Alenezi, Heba Alfouzan, Saba Altamimi, Sayed Alzalzalah, Waleed Almansouri, Yosor Alqudeimat, Zain Almokhaizeem2020Journal articleEnglish

Editorials and commentaries

These publications focus on describing the situation and/or making a call to action.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Addressing an urgent global public health need: Strategies to recover routine vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemicAlexandra Bhatti, Anna Larson, Ava Skolnik, Rachel Mitrovich2021Journal articleEnglish
Balancing Routine and Pandemic: The Synergy of India's Universal Immunization Program and COVID-19 Vaccination ProgramPawan Kumar, Ashish Birendra Chakraborty, Suhas Dhandore, Pritu Dhalaria, Ajeet Kumar Singh, Disha Agarwal, Kapil Singh, Pretty Priyadarshini, Paras Jain, Vidushi Bahl, Gunjan Taneja2023Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 and Child Vaccination: A Systematic Approach to Closing the Immunization GapComfort Z Olorunsaiye, Hamisu M Salihu, Korede K Yusuf, Kylie ReinhartJournal articleEnglish
COVID-19 and routine childhood immunization in Africa: Leveraging systems thinking and implementation science to improve immunization system performanceAbdu A. Adamu, Charles S. Wiysonge, Desire Habonimana, Rabiu I. Jalo2020Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 and the Gaping Wounds of South Africa’s Suboptimal Immunisation Coverage: An Implementation Research Imperative for Assessing and Addressing Missed Opportunities for VaccinationCharles Shey Wiysonge, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Duduzile Ndwandwe, Hassan Mahomed, Maia Lesosky2021Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 and vaccination: a global disruptionEmmanuelle Billon-Denis, Jean-Nicolas Tournier2020Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 disrupts vaccine deliveryRoxanne Nelson2020Journal articleEnglish
COVID-19 et vaccination : une dérégulation globaleEmmanuelle Billon-Denis, Jean-Nicolas Tournier2020Journal articleFrench
COVID-19's lost generation of unvaccinated childrenDamian Walker, Subhash Chandir2021Journal articleEnglish
Disruptions to childhood immunisation due to the COVID-19 pandemicKaja Abbas, Vittal Mogasale2021Journal articleEnglish
Immunization during COVID-19: let the ninja dance with the dragon Kirti Sundar Sahu, Sanjeev Singh, Sruti Singha Roy2021Journal articleEnglish
Immunization During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations From Indian Academy of Pediatrics Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization PracticesAbhay K. Shah, Bakul J. Parekh, G.V. Basavaraja, Harish K. Pemde, Kripasindhu Chatarjee, Piyush Gupta, S. Balasubramanian, S. Shivananda, Sanjay Marathe, Sanjay Srirampur, Sanjay Verma, Shashi K. Dhir, Srinivas G. Kasi, Srinivas Kalyani, Sunil Agarwalla2020Journal articleEnglish
Impact that the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccinations and challenges ahead: A narrative reviewAmelia Licari, Elena Chiappini, Gianluigi Marseglia, Giorgio Ciprandi, Ilaria Brambilla, Luisa Galli, Maria Angela Tosca, Sara Parigi2021Journal articleEnglish
Inequalities in COVID-19 disruption of routine immunisations and returning to pre-COVID immunisation ratesDanya Arif Siddiqi, Subhash Chandir2021Journal articleEnglish
Keeping childhood immunisation rates stable during the COVID-19 pandemicAnna A Jarchow-MacDonald, Jessica Miller, Linda Kerr, Lorna J Willocks, Ruth Burns2021Journal articleEnglish
Maintain and increase vaccination coverage in children, adolescents, adults and elderly people: Maintain and increase coverage also by re-organizing vaccination services and reassuring the populationAlberto Villani, Antonio Ferro, Chiara Azzari, Elena Bozzola, Fausto Francia, Giampietro Chiamenti, Giorgio Conforti, Giovanni Vitali Rosati, Italo F. Angelillo, M. Barretta, Michele Conversano, Paolo Biasci, Paolo Bonanni, Paolo Castiglia, Pasquale G. Macrì, Rocco Russo, Silvestro Scotti, Tommasa Maio2021Journal articleEnglish
Measles immunisation gaps in AfricaSanjeet Bagcchi2021Journal articleEnglish
Pandemic and vaccine coverage: challenges of returning to schoolsAna Paula Sayuri Sato2020Journal articlePortuguese
Planning for a COVID-19 Vaccination Program Natalie J. Pudalov, Linda Y. Fu, Sarah Schaffer DeRoo2020Journal articleEnglish
Polio vaccinators are back after pandemic pauseLeslie Roberts2020Journal articleEnglish
Risks of low vaccination coverage and strategies to prevent the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases in infants in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario: recommendations for Latin America and the CaribbeanMaria L. Avila Agüero, Jose Brea Del Castillo, Luiza Helena Falleiros-Arlant, Eitan Berezín, José Cássio de Moraes, Carlos Torres-Martínez, Eduardo L. Lopez, María E. Castillo, Almudena Laris-Gonzalez, Fortino Solorzano, Angela Gentile, Juan Pablo Torres Torretti, Eduardo López-Medina2023Journal articleEnglish
Routine vaccination during covid-19 pandemic responseHelen Bedford, Helen Skirrow, Sonia SaxenaJournal articleEnglish
Sustaining the momentum for adult vaccination post-COVID-19 to leverage the global uptake of life-course immunisation: a scoping reviewT. Mark Doherty, Alberta Di Pasquale, Gary Finnegan, Jayesh Lele, Roy K. Philip2024Journal articleEnglish
The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Childhood Immunizations: Ways to Strengthen Routine VaccinationHenry H Bernstein, Veronica Valentine McNally2020Journal articleEnglish
The Immunization Program in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Vaccination Week in the Americas 2020 in the Context of COVID-19 - Immunization Newsletter July 2020Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)2020GuidanceEnglish
The importance of supplementary immunisation activities to prevent measles outbreaks during the COVID-19 pandemic in KenyaA. Sigilai, B. Karia, C. N. Mburu, C. Tabu, D. Akech, D. J. Nokes, F. R. M. van der Klis, G. Smits, IMO Adetifa, J. Ojal, J. Tuju, JAG Scott, K. Abbas, LSHTM CMMID COVID-19 Working Group, M. Jit, P. G. M. van Gageldonk, R. Chebet, S. Flasche, S. FunkJournal articleEnglish
The perils of COVID-19 in Nepal: Implications for population health and nutritional status Sabu S. Padmadas, Bipin Adhikari, Dev Ram Sunuwar, Devendra Raj Singh, Sylvia Szabo2020Journal articleEnglish
The potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the immunization performance in IndonesiaAuliya A. Suwantika, Cornelis Boersma, Maarten J. Postma2020Journal articleEnglish
Things must not fall apart: the ripple effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children in sub-Saharan AfricaIan C. Michelow, Modupe Coker, Morenike O. Folayan, Nadia A. Sam-Agudu, Nguavese Torbunde, Regina E. Oladokun2021Journal articleEnglish
Vaccinating America’s children: A job for orthopaedic surgeons & other non-primary care specialists?Aaron Alokozai, Casey Jo Humbyrd, David N. Bernstein2021Journal articleEnglish

Impact of COVID-19 on VDP surveillance

The publications below focus on disruption affecting vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) surveillance.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
Assessment of Pediatric Outpatient Visits for Notifiable Infectious Diseases in a University Hospital in Beijing During COVID-19et al., Nan Li, Shunli Li, Zujin Luo2020Journal articleEnglish
Epidemiology of measles during the COVID-19 pandemic, a description of the surveillance data, 29 EU/EEA countries and the United Kingdom, January to May 2020 Grazina Mirinaviciute, Lucia Pastore Celentano, Nathalie Nicolay, Sabrina Bacci, Thomas Mollet2020Journal articleEnglish

Other articles

The following publications do not fit the previous categories but provide additional insights into the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

TitleAuthorYearTypeLanguage
2020 goalkeepers Report - COVID-19 A global perspectiveBill & Melinda Gates Foundation2020ReportEnglish
Caregivers' Sources of Information About Immunization as Predictors of Delayed Childhood Vaccinations in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire StudyAfnan Younis, Hessah I Al Suwaidan, Leena R Baghdadi, Marwah M Hassounah, Reem Al Khalifah2021Journal articleEnglish
Contributions of the polio network to the COVID-19 response: turning the challenge into an opportunity for polio transitionWorld Health Organization (WHO)2020GuidanceEnglish
Effectiveness of Mandatory and Incentive-Based Routine Childhood Immunization Programs in Europe: A Systematic Review of the LiteratureAntoni Trilla, Giorgio Cortassa, Lidia Kuznetsova2021Journal articleEnglish
From Polio to COVID-19: Examining the Impact of Pandemics on Childhood Vaccination ProgramsArpita Jaiswal, Mayur B. Wanjari, Roshan Prasad, Seema Yelne2023Journal articleEnglish
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Bordetella pertussis infections in EnglandDavid Litt, Elise Tessier, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Helen Campbell, Norman K. Fry, Partho Roy, Simon Burton, Sonia Ribeiro, Yuma Rai2022Journal articleEnglish
Implementing nationwide measles supplemental immunization activities in Ethiopia in the context of COVID-19: process and lessons learntAmsalu Shiferaw, Balcha Girma Masresha, Kibrom Abraham, Mekonnen Admassu, Meseret Zelalem, Mulat Nigus2020Journal articleEnglish
NeXtwork – The role and contribution of the integrated surveillance and immunization network to the COVID-19 response in the WHO South-East Asia Region (‎Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Myanmar and Nepal)‎World Health Organization (WHO)2021GuidanceEnglish
Recommendations for delayed immunization with non-National Immunization Program vaccines based on safety and efficacy analyses during the epidemic of COVID-19 in ChinaZhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi2020Journal articleChinese
Review of progress and way forward on measles and rubella elimination activities in the WHO South-East Asia RegionWHO Regional Office for South-East Asia2021ReportEnglish
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents' behavior toward scheduled pediatric vaccinations in Saudi ArabiaAbdullah Saleh Al-Nafeesah, Abdullah Saleh Aldamigh, Ashwaq Ahmed AlE'ed, Basel Abdulrahman Almansoor, Osama Al-Wutayd2021Journal articleEnglish