Consistency and reliability in maintaining the cold chain are crucial for the safe storage of vaccines and medicines worldwide. To address this need, Solar Direct Drive (SDD) solutions have emerged as a promising approach. These solutions involve connecting vaccine refrigerators and freezers directly to solar panels, eliminating the need for batter...

Introduction:Delivering potent vaccines to communities is a critical responsibility of the healthcare system. However, the vaccine supply chain faces challenges, particularly during the transportation and delivery process. To tackle these obstacles, alternative vaccine delivery systems (AVDS) have emerged as a promising solution. AVDS not only ensu...