Pat Lennon

 Freeze-preventive passive containers – technical resources
This page features background information and guidance on freeze prevention in the immunization supply chain, also known as the cold chain, as it relates to passive containers. Section 1 provides a high-level overview of the impact of freezing vaccines, and Section 2 shares passive technologies that prevent freezing in passive containers and related activities. Sections 3 and 4 contain literature on the effects of freezing temperatures on vaccine potency and instances of freezing in the cold chain. The final section gives additional resources supporting the introduction of new freeze-preventive passive containers.


Freeze prevention and why it is important
New freeze-preventive technologies
Literature on vaccine potency
Examples of freezing in the cold chain
Additional information and resources

1. Freeze prevention and why it is important
The following resources underscore the negative effects of exposing vaccines to freezing temperatures.

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2. New freeze-preventive technologies
The following table contains the activities stakeholders are engaged in to prevent freeze exposure in the supply chain.

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3. Literature on vaccine potency
The following resources underscore the negative effects of exposing vaccines to freezing temperatures.

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4. Examples of freezing in the cold chain
The following resources provide examples of freezing in the cold chain.

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5. Additional resources
This section contains additional information and related resources.

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Photos left to right: PATH/Simona Zipursky, PATH/Tina Lorenson, PATH/Tina Lorenson.